Group Project of wineries companies

Group Project of wineries companies Executive summary This paper involves analyzing business activities of given companies all operating on wineries industry. This means that the paper will be concerned with how these companies apply marketing strategies to make sure that their businesses achieve their operational goals. This means that the organization makes sure that they provide new products to customers always.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Group Project of wineries companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that they hire competent brewers to work on these drinks hence making sure that they provide different tastes for customers at all times. Hardy’s wine company positions itself on basis of reliability. From the matrix various aspects of organization’s websites were recorded and it was found that the four organizations have their own strong points and weaknesses. This means that all organizations run their websites in different manners hence giving different results. Introduction This paper involves analyzing business activities of given companies all operating on wineries industry. This means that the paper will be concerned with how these companies apply marketing strategies to make sure that their businesses achieve their operational goals. Marketing is very important for any organization because it is the only way customers learn about new products. This means that creating awareness is very important because customers need to be reminded about products hence cautioning them from competitors. In fact, organizations should come up with effective marketing strategies aimed at maximizing on their market share. This means that organization should have customers in mind all the time when considering making decisions regarding marketing of their products (Tuckwell, 2010). In fact, organizations should emphasize on quality of products and other benefits that may entice customers into buying their pr oducts. When considering marketing through internet, organizations should make sure that they segment their market effectively. This means that organizations should know how to reach their target market in order to maximize on their profits. Organizations can end up wasting a lot of resources when advertising to the wrong group of people. This means that they should understand the product used by internet users in order to come up with appropriate marketing strategy targeting them. This is very important because resources should be directed to the right market. Otherwise a lot of resources may end up going to waste if marketers direct advertisements to the wrong groups of consumers. Report content Overview of the different organisations The paper is going to look at various organizations which include Dulcinea which deals with baking of breads and delivering them to homes. This organization has an operational website that they use to promote their products. The organization uses the website to market its products to customers through carrying out its strategies.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing communications are conducted through the website hence helping the company reach all tis target customers. The other organization is Berrysbridge which deals with wineries (Applegate, 2001). The organization runs a website that it uses to advertise all its brands for customers to learn about them. in addition, they advertise all services that they give to customers through the internet making their products known to customers. Captainscreek is another organization that was analyzed in this paper. Its website is used to communicate important information to customers hence keeping them up to date with changes in the market. This organization deals with fast dishes and wines and these are served to customers from various parts of the world. This is because, these clients come from various parts of the world. In fact, most of their clients come are tourists who stop by their stores purchase fast foods for from their outlets. Finally, another organization under study is known as Hardys. This organization offers services to customers which include serving award winning wines. They run a website through which they market their quality products to customers. They introduce new products through the website hence making it possible for new customers to learn about their new products from the website. This organization makes use of their website to maximize their profits as they win customers loyalty through use of website. They know how to reach their target customers through conducting market analysis which aims at understanding consumer behaviors of those customers. Products/Services sold These organizations sell various products which are in foods and beverages industry. in fact, they are concerned with selling of snacks and w ines. The four organizations compete on the quality of foods and wines they serve to their customers. This means that they either come up with unique breads in order to shine over other players in the market. This is very important as customers chose their favorite outlets depending on what they get from them. The four organization being studied have to struggle to maintain their quality and standards in order to retain their loyal customers. Target market These organizations have the same target market since they offer almost the same services. Their target market includes young people who are just employed and they have a lot of time meeting friends. These people have to assemble in these joints to enjoy their favorite wines and breads (Kyle, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Group Project of wineries companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These people are the same ones targeted by the organization marke ters through their websites. Young people spend a lot of time on internet hence making it the most appropriate platform for marketing products from these organizations. In addition, these organizations target people who have high incomes hence developing various products to suit their class. For instance, they have very important persons’ products which are served exclusively to those people hence making them feel honored by the organization. Positioning of different organizations Dulcinea positions its services on quality since they offer home delivery services to their customers. This includes offering quality services to their customers hence remaining at a good position to compete with other players in the same industry. Berrysbridge positions itself on service provision. This is because their marketers insist that the organization employs competent people who provide good services to their customers. In fact, this means that their service providers maintain high level of hospitality hence making customers to come back to the organization. Captainscreek positioned itself on offering of unique wines to their customers. This means that the organization makes sure that they provide new products to customers always. This means that they hire competent brewers to work on these drinks hence making sure that they provide different tastes for customers at all times. Hardy’s wine company positions itself on basis of reliability. This is where they insist that they are always there to serve customers. Their employees are trained well to ensure that they respond to customers’ needs at all time. This is important since they value their customers regardless of the time they turn up for services. Attributes The four organizations take advantage of the internet to market their products. This means that they use internet to communicate to their customers hence remaining less a cheap way of advertising. For instance, if they decide to run sales promoti ons for their products, marketers communicate to their customers through internet hence making it easy for customers to see. As a result, majority of their clients turn up for promotions hence bringing a lot of capital to the organization (Bussing-Burks, 2009). The four organizations make sure that they maintain their positioning factors in order to compete in the market. This is very important because customers will always walk into organizations with the aim of attaining the promised benefits. In case they fail to attain what has been promised, chances are high that they will never come back to the outlet. They feel deceived hence opting to get services from other providers in the market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Main competitors Competitors of these four organizations include all players in the foods industry. In fact, some of their competitors may be very powerful since they may be financially stable. This stability may lead to establishment of an organization that combines both wines and dishes. In fact, people may prefer going to outlets where they can get snacks alongside their favorite drinks. Some of their competitors include Sheraton Pattaya Resort and they are financially healthy hence running a series of businesses in the market. In fact, they provide services in both dishes and drinks making them beat other players in the market. MATRIX data analysis From the matrix various aspects of organization’s websites were recorded and it was found that the four organizations have their own strong points and weaknesses. This means that all organizations run their websites in different manners hence giving differing results. The four websites were found to have various qualities depen ding on areas that their host organization emphasized. This means that they reflected how those organizations planned their business and what they intended to achieve in future. Compare the 4 different websites (data from the matrix) All the four websites can compare on basis of their application. This means that they all had similar purpose of informing since they are used by marketers to communicate to their customers in the market. In fact, they are all used to pass information regarding quality service and promotions to be held by organizations. In fact, organizations take advantage of internet to reach to their customers regarding their products hence attracting more customers (Kuratko and Hodgetts, 2008). In addition, all websites are designed in a way to be very appealing to customers hence use of various colors. These colors are in a way such that they remain attracting to people on the internet hence making them feel like visiting them to learn about products being advertis ed. Data Collection and Analysis In fact, data collected showed that all websites were designed to specifications of given organization. For instance, each websites put more emphasis on some elements as opposed to others. This means that each website had its special elements which differentiated it from the rest. In addition, all websites achieved their objectives in various ways according to expectations of marketers. Finally, organizations made sure that their websites addressed issues concerning their customers and only elements relevant to customers were prioritized. Relevant theories in data analysis Information obtained in these websites proved several theories which involve marketing communications. For instance, customers are given priorities which mean that organizations value their customers in a great way. This means that people in various organizations worked tirelessly to ensure that their websites delivered messages to customers hence helping them to reaming profitable at all times. These websites were developed putting into consideration all aspects of consumer behavior into concern. This can be evident where responsiveness was at maximum hence helping consumers to learn about organizations and their products from such websites. Marketing theories which argue about the marketing mix were applied in developing those websites. This is evident where various websites address issues aimed at ensuring that marketing mix is to its perfection. Marketing mix is the key to any business success hence these organizations really understood its essence. Recommendations It is recommendable that all these organizations should make sure that their websites retain a good average mark in order to reach all customers well. As a result, these organizations will get to positions where they can reap good results from marketing through internet. In fact, their websites should be inclusive whereby they should address issues that concern customers and organizationsâ€⠄¢ products. For instance, these organizations should ensure that they develop strategies through which customers can consult about their products. They should come up with a customer care section that should be tasked with answering all questions coming from online customers. In addition, organizations should consider using colors that are friendly and attractive to both genders in order to capture customers across all genders. This is very important because it helps organizations to acquire large market share that is responsible for organizations’ increased profitability. What are your communications objectives? Marketing communication objectives for this organization include reaching more customers. This means that the organization should increase its customer base hence being able to realize huge returns in terms of profits. This means that marketers have to do everything within their reach to make sure that their customers remain loyal to the company. This can be achieve d through constantly reminding them of their products and this helps in cautioning customers against competitors (Ouwersloot and Duncan, 2007). In fact, many organizations lose out to their competitors due to the fact that they fail to communicate to their customers. Customers tend to shift their loyalty to providers who are always on the ground advertising their products. Another objective of marketing communication is to let customers learn about new products. This is very important as customers need to be made aware of various products in order to consider buying them. Provide suggestions or specific recommendations on how to improve the marketing communications practices. Marketing communication practices should be done in a way such that it achieves its set objectives. For instance, marketers should make sure that their organizations aim at meeting customers’ expectation. Marketing communication should be done in a timely manner to make sure the set goals are achieved. F or instance, if marketing communication was to counter threats from market players, it should come just in time in order to save the situation. This means that organization should be able to know exactly what they want when developing marketing communication plans and strategies. Conclusion Marketing communication is very important because it enhances communication between marketers and consumers. Organizations should come up with marketing communication strategies aimed at ensuring that their products remain at the top of other players in the market. This is important because it gives an assurance to organization managers regarding their market security. Marketing communication should be done in a way such that it allows customer feedback hence enhancing their productivity. Marketers should embrace technology by making use of the internet in marketing of their products. Organizations should focus on how to maximize on their profitability by communicating effectively to their custom ers (Shimp, 2008). References Applegate, J. (2001). 201 Great Ideas for Your Small Business. New York: John Wiley Sons. Bussing-Burks, M. (2009).Starbucks. New York: ABC-CLIO. Kuratko, D. F., Hodgetts, R. M. (2008). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice. New York: Cengage Learning. Kyle, T. (2008). Small Business Ideas: 400 Latest Greatest Small Business Ideas. London: Terry Kyle. Ouwersloot, H. Duncan, T. (2007). Integrated Marketing Communications. London: McGraw-Hill. Shimp, T. A. (2008). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Michigan: Cengage Learning. Tuckwell, K. J. (2010). Integrated Marketing Communications: Strategic Planning Perspectives. New York: Renouf Publishing Company Limited. Appendix Weighted Matrix Rate the firms/website elements as follows 0 = completely absent 1 = very poor 2 = poor 3 = average 4 = good 5 = very good Dulcinea Berrysb ridge Captainscreek Hardys Weights Design Format 25% position on screen 1 3 2 4 4 format (too busy) 2 3 5 2 1 colours 3 2 4 1 3 fonts 4 1 5 3 2 photos 5 5 4 5 2 virtual tour 6 5 2 4 3 sound 7 2 5 3 1 movement 8 2 1 3 6 subtotal count 8 0 0 0 0 weighted score max score 40 10 Navigation / Functionality 25% easy to use 1 5 4 5 2 clicks through to correct page 2 5 2 4 3 scrolling 3 2 5 3 1 quick search 4 2 1 3 6 appropriate number of levels 5 2 4 1 3 appropriate tools (buying etc) 6 1 5 3 2 time to download info 7 5 4 5 2 track purchases 8 3 2 4 4 site map 9 3 5 2 1 links to other sites and return 10 2 4 1 3 clear navigation guides 11 1 5 3 2 return to home icon 12 5 2 4 3 subtotal count 12 0 0 0 0 weighted score max score 60 15 Interactivity 20% sign-up as member 1 2 1 3 6 feedback icon 2 2 4 1 3 how difficult to complete forms 3 1 5 3 2 opt-in opt-out for emails 4 5 4 5 2 e-community forum 5 3 2 4 4 subtotal count 5 0 0 0 0 weighted score max score 25 5 Product/Service Information 10% range 1 2 1 3 6 features 2 2 4 1 3 availability 3 1 5 3 2 prices 4 2 1 3 6 FAQ 5 2 4 1 3 currency of information 6 1 5 3 2 pdf format for printing 7 5 4 5 2 error free 8 3 2 4 4 no this page under development notices 9 5 4 5 2 subtotal 2 4 1 3 count 9 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 weighted score max score 45 4.5 Security/Privacy 10% details of personal data collected 1 1 3 2 4 how data used 2 2 3 5 2 your access to data 3 2 4 1 3 links to other sites 4 1 5 3 2 security/credit card security 5 5 4 5 2 FAQ 6 5 2 4 3 subtotal 5 4 5 2 count 6 3 2 4 4 weighted score max score 30 3 Firm Information 10% history 1 1 5 3 2 is the brand clear 2 5 4 5 2 financial performance 3 3 2 4 4 press releases 4 3 5 2 1 senior mgt details 5 2 4 1 3 contact details 6 1 5 3 2 store/office locations 7 2 4 1 3 info up to date 8 1 5 3 2 hours of business 9 5 4 5 2 FAQ 10 5 2 4 3 frequency of updating website 11 5 4 5 2 subtotal 3 2 4 4 count 11 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 weighted score max score 55 5.5 firm scores 10 10 10 9 max possible 255 3.5 2.6 4.5 4.7 weighted score 43

8 simple ways to have more meaningful conversations

8 simple ways to have more meaningful conversations Some people are born great communicators, while others might spend a lot of their time planning out what to say, and when to say it. Starting up a new conversation and being able to keep someone engaged could take a lot of mental energy if you’re an introvert. Even worse, not being able to keep the conversation going can result in you being labeled as boring, or rude. There are some major points that you need to know before engaging in a professional conversation. Knowing these tactics of conversation will not only help you in keeping an exhcnage going, but you would also be able to communicate in a more meaningful way.If you suffer from social anxiety, these helpful tips will help you manage your conversation anticipation and improve your social skills. Start to implement techniques like:1. Be an active listenerMore often than not, the main reason some of us are at a loss for words is that we’re not paying attention when another person is speaking. Always make sure you ’re actively listening in order to carry on the conversation.Listening intently to what is being said will help you in having a better understanding of the topic being discussed. As a result, you can make points in your mind and maybe pull some references to help you steer things in a direction that makes to you.2. Ask questionsThe best way of letting the other person know that you are paying attention is by asking them questions. Drill down on things that you find interesting, before forming your final thoughts and opinions regarding what is being discussed.3. Offer suggestionsIf someone comes to you for guidance, make sure you provide them with helpful advice. Try being empathetic and put yourself in the other person’s shoes. Be sure to watch that your tone is never forceful while giving suggestions because, in the end, the decision is theirs to make.4. Avoid talking about yourself too muchBeing self-centered can make a good conversation fall into the dark pits of bo redom. So, it is really important for you to talk in a general tone, discuss matters that are relatable for other people, and never make the conversation all about yourself.5. Be conciseDon’t drag out a conversation. Keep it concise, and lighthearted. Talking unnecessarily about unrelated issues can make people lose interest in a discussion.6. Try to relateAs previously mentioned, empathizing is one great way of providing another person with your thoughts and opinions. Try to place yourself in someone else’s situation and you will definitely have a much more meaningful conversation.7. Make sure language isn’t a barrierIn case you are talking to someone from a different ethnicity, cultural, or social background, always try to make yourself more understandable by molding your language. Use easy words and speak clearly.Beyond that, you can also make a real effort and learn their language to have an enriching conversation. For example, if you find yourself speaking to Japanese natives often, you might want to invest some time in learning Japanese.8. Use their name occasionallyIt’s been psychologically proven that when you call someone by their name, they listen to you more attentively. So, make use of this strategy in order to ensure that the next person is following closely what you are saying.So, start practicing these tactics now for worthwhile discussions!About the Author:Lara Smith has worked for Wall Street English for 20 years. After studying at Stanford University and subsequently doing a CELTA course, she began her career in teaching. She is obsessed with languages and currently writes blogs at Mimic Method.

Mohawk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mohawk - Essay Example According to Kathleen Gallagher of the Millwaukee Journal Sentinal in a Christmas Day article 2006, carpet has dropped to 46% from 49% in sales of ALL floor coverings since '05. " People have to stand on something" said Haruki Toyama of Toyama Value Fund, in that recent article. Since this trend must have been apparent to the Mohawk Company a long time ago these folks have been moving into the tile and laminates end of floor coverings, hence their purchase and integration of the Belgian tile manufacturer mentioned. Instead of a careful and slow growing conservative company I see a concern poised to take advantage of lower transport costs than since the beginning of the Iraq war; along with an integrated tile manufacture, to challenge Shaw's leading market share in this industry. Instead of a stodgy conservative slow growth company, Mohawk seems poised on the cusp of an upsurge of growth if one reads into the future with this Sullivan article.

Consumer Behavior Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer Behavior Blog - Essay Example As a man, the society expects you to behave in a certain way with the feminine gender expected to behave in a different way. This means that the adverts must be tuned towards what the society perceives to be feminine or masculine. But what if you pick a product that is feminine or masculine while you are of a different gender? Does it make you a lesser human? The answer is all in the psychological imprint that the society has placed as a benchmark for what we feel and how we are expected to react to these feelings. The feelings are then transferred and commoditized into products which mean that each must pick that which is â€Å"gender correct†. All in all, there are those who are oblivious of what people think about their choices. They should not be condemned. Personally, anytime I feel like picking a soft drink and I come across a diet coke or Coke Zero, I do not think about it as a gender-based product. I pick that which I feel is right for me at that particular moment, whe ther people stare back or whisper in secret. CONSUMER KNOWLEDGE Last week was such an informative outing for me. While I was just walking across the shopping mall, I realized that people were baffled by all the products that were on display. It got me thinking, ‘why are people staring and admiring display items whereas they can just go in, get what they need and go back home?’ but I realized that many of these people have only seen the adverts and do not have any clue about the products rather than what they have heard. When these products, mainly clothes and accessories are displayed, people are dismayed by the prices and also the way they appear. They do not have any knowledge about the products they want or even how they can access that information. The sources of information could be many if one chose to look. People who have already bought and used these products could form the first source of inspiration. However, they may be biased given the chances that the prod ucts may have been irrelevant or not amounting to what they expected. Another way is to get an expert in that sector and get firsthand information on the best products to buy. This may be costly as some may offer information in exchange for money, citing consultation fees. But the presence of the internet offers one a chance to get as much information as possible with the click of a button. Therefore, next time you go shopping, make sure you have the details, the prices, and the quality of the product you need rather than stand in front of a shopping mall to admire what is on display. PRODUCT APPEAL For a long time now, companies have been looking for the best way of appealing to their target client through advertising. As people look for the best, they are mainly attracted by the visual aspect of the product before quality comes to focus. Many companies have come under attack for what has been termed as sexist adverts but let us be honest: in the current digital world, sex sells! W omen will always oh-ah when they see Brad Pitt or David Beckham. Men will always stand and stare when Angelina Jolie or Eva Longoria passes by. The young generation has identified Justin Bieber and Lady Gaga as some of their favorite musicians. These are people known for their sex appeal. Is it wrong when products capitalize on these? Passing through the streets of the nearby town, one cannot miss these sexual innuendos. A beautiful woman is advertising a skin lotion

Merchant of Venice Essay: A Comedy? :: free essay writer

To the reader, The Merchant of Venice, may seem horrible and it be impossible to find the â€Å"comedy† at all.   Perhaps, Shakespeare may have been simply trying to make people laugh at the appalling injustice we cause one another because of the small differences among us.  Ã‚   Or, perhaps, he may have at first wanted the viewers of The Merchant of Venice to feel that they, the Christians, had nothing in common with the Jew, Shylock.   What on earth could the Christians have in common with a Jew?   Shakespeare demonstrates that the Christians were just as hungry for money and fortune as the Jew.   Perhaps this is a comedy after all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That Shakespeare sees people, Jew or Christian, as simply people, and if he could not make people see that they were all people with common ground, then he would have to start with something he knew everyone could relate with.  Ã‚   The best item to come to mind was money.   No matter if the amount is in ducats, dollars or pesos, everyone understands this concept.  Ã‚   Although it does not seem perfectly clear in what way Shakespeare was trying to deliver the comedy in this play, one thing is evident,   Shakespeare was a man before his time.     Ã‚   So, besides trying to find where the comedy is, maybe one should try to find where the most superficial person lies.   Who is more superficial in this play?   The Jew whose only business is money, or the Christians? It seems apparent that both are superficial, and one no more than the other.   In the play Bassanio does not try to hide the fact that he needs to marry a woman of wealth to restore his fortune.   Shylock's daughter Jessica,   promises to steal jewels and fortune from her father, proving that she too is money hungry.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even Salerio and Solanio seem to talk of nothing more than riches and wealth throughout the play.   So yes, they all are superficial, and one can not peg one any more than another.So again, we are back to the comedy of the whole thing!   Ã‚  Ã‚   Now that I think about it, it seems strange that the majority of our class found no humor in this play.  Ã‚  Ã‚   When one thinks of why this may be, it is simple.   We do not laugh when we read this play because we have not changed.   Since the time of this play, we have inched very little away from prejudice and belittling people because they are what we feel is different, therefore making them strange.

How Dickens, Hardy and Roy did use endings in their works

â€Å"I work hard for a sufficient living, and therefore yes, I do well† comes at the close of Dickens' â€Å"Great Expectations†, and reveals a latent redemption of Pip's previous condemnation that â€Å"the universal struggle† had caused him to be unashamedly â€Å"disgusted with his calling and his life†. This feature of Dickens' novel's ending allies with the consolidation of the trains of imagery that he seeks to define, alongside the question of the original ending and how it varies the tone of the novel. Roy's â€Å"The God of Small Things† features an ending that paradoxically falls into the line of a non-linear perspective, creating a â€Å"sicksweet† atmosphere which she seeks to both personalise and universalise- allowing her to use ending to also extend along trains of imagery. Finally Hardy's own endings both take on a literal quality with the diminuendo nature of both â€Å"The Voice† and â€Å"At An Inn†, but the concept of ending as a metaphorical representation of death also comes across, â€Å"Your Last Drive† being a prevalent example. Hardy's use of ending in his work takes on a multi-dimensional significance in a literal and figurative sense, as he addresses both the close of a poem, and the closing of life. â€Å"The Voice† closes with the image of â€Å"wind oozing from norward† and the bitter indictment of, â€Å"And the woman, calling†. This is in great contrast to the opening of the poem, with its lyrical effervescence of â€Å"Woman much missed how you call to me, call to me/Saying that now you are not as you were†, as the structurally rich lines of enjambment and romanticised passion contrast with the impersonal, antagonised end. This reveals the idea of the poem having a diminuendo quality, as Hardy uses his ending, and its contrast to the opening, to successfully reflect the depreciation in his relationship that he saw, the depreciation of the colourful â€Å"air blue gown† to the neologistically bleak â€Å"wan wistlessness†. This diminuendo idea also features in â€Å"At An Inn†, as it flows from an opening of promise, of â€Å"bliss like theirs/That would flush our day†, as enjambment highlights the depth of bliss that is crucially perceived, rather than physical. This is highlighted through Hardy's ending, of what he sees as the charade of â€Å"love-light†, to the point that he equates this lack of love with that of death, appealing to the omnipotent â€Å"laws of men† that so often pervade his work to â€Å"once let us stand/As we did then†, as if reality is in fact worse than the awful past. This superlative of negativity highlights how Hardy uses ending to exemplify his own reality. However, the concept of ending with Hardy can also take on a much wider significance, and the endings of these wider explorations of â€Å"the end† in death and time seek to define Hardy's views on these wider subjects. â€Å"Your Last Drive† sees him attempting to demystify his own role, or lack of it, in Emma's death, and it closes with the monosyllabic â€Å"You are past love, praise, indifference, blame†, with this ambiguous ending leading to varied interpretations on Hardy's opinion of death. It could be a simple dismissal of death, that he sees these words that he writes for her â€Å"praises† and her â€Å"countenance† as now worthless, but this is not the only plausible interpretation. It could represent a latent resentment of the dead, as if they are fortunate to be granted a blissful release from the emotion, from the â€Å"praises† and from the â€Å"countenance† that Hardy must still talk and write of, as if to be â€Å"Past love, praise, indifference, blame† is in fact a form of literary and metaphorical redemption, rather than the cursed end that it is traditionally seen to be. Therefore Hardy can also be seen to use ending to explore greater issues, to not merely close the boundaries of his poems and conventions but to extend them, to discuss universal ideas of â€Å"the end† and to thereby present his own interpretations. The idea of both personal and universal closure is one that is also seen in Roy's novel â€Å"The God of Small Things†, also leaving ideas open to interpretation, unlike a traditional â€Å"end†. The close of the novel falls upon Ammu, as â€Å"she turned to say it again. Naaley†. Tomorrow†. This reveals how Roy attempts to first personalise the close through the use of Malayalam, by consolidating Ammu and Velutha's love that is shared amongst the â€Å"mangosteen tree†, â€Å"the jet streaks on a church blue sky† and â€Å"the love laws†, and then to universalise the message of the novel to the reader with the English â€Å"Tomorrow†, just as she did at the end of the opening , referencing both â€Å"when the love laws were laid down† and also the â€Å"hopelessly practical world† of 1969. This idea of consolidating on a personal and universal scale is also made relevant through Roy's use of the trains of imagery that are relevant throughout the book. For example â€Å"Ammu's Road† now has â€Å"a small sunny meadow†, unlike its previous emptiness, its â€Å"wilder sort of walk†. She also references the all encompassing nature of â€Å"The Terror†, showing how even at the end of a narrative, pervading images can still hold a powerful sway, even in this case, against an unconventionally non-linear narrative. This could represent the power of these images over â€Å"the scurry of small lives† that the novel represents, or possibly that these images are in fact â€Å"the small things† that seep into the novel, just as for example the death of Sophie Mol â€Å"hid in books and food†. The fact that the narrative of â€Å"The God of Small Things† is non-linear possesses great significance to the ending in other aspects as well- it leads to the ideas of where the ending truly is, how the use of placement of ending affects the tone of the novel. The chosen ending could be said to give the novel a tone that it reinforces itself- it is â€Å"sicksweet†. This is backed up by the superficial perceived positivity of â€Å"tomorrow†, as although the ending would seem to possess hope for the future, the non-linear narrative shatters this hope, as the reader knows that Ammu and Velutha's tomorrow will be one of â€Å"smashed smiles† and â€Å"a lucky leaf that wasn't lucky enough†. This relates to Roy using her ending to create a desired tone, as well as using the concept of foreshadowing to a greater extent than it is conventionally employed- it creates an atmosphere of the â€Å"sicksweet† closing chapter is not the true end, that in reality the end is Rahel and Estha's prior â€Å"consummation of hideous grief†, and that Roy's physical ending is not the physical ending to the story. This however is challenged by the chapter's title, â€Å"The Cost of Living†, as â€Å"the smashed smiles that lay ahead of them† are almost taken out of their narrative context, that the ending is more a personal ending for Ammu and Velutha as their own closure and that the final universalisation is actually seeking to challenge the shattered hope, just as Ammu and Velutha challenge the love laws. Therefore Roy also uses ending to tie up her thematic influences, and to embellish the structure and tone of the novel in a way that is multi-faceted, addressing personal and universal issues. Dicken's â€Å"Great Expectations† also has an ending that addresses characters' personal issues and also thematic questions. He uses his ending to seemingly resolve Pip's issues with Estella, â€Å"I saw no shadow of another parting from her†, but this also resolves a thematic issue of Pip's continued naivety over the subject of Estella. This naivety extends back through his knowledge that his â€Å"star† is in fact born to the lowest of the low, a murderess and a convict, and that despite his vow â€Å"never to cry for her again† after an early encounter at Satis House, the interior ending of the narrative, his perspective aided by hindsight that closes childlike aspersions as they come, states that â€Å"never was a bigger lie ever told†. This leads to the close of the novel almost forcing the reader to take on the role of this secondary perspective for Pip, and realising for them self but not for him, as there is no longer the boundary between the two perspectives- Dickens consolidates these ideas through a consistent narrative trend, as Roy does with imagery in â€Å"The God Of Small Things†. However, the ending also challenges consistency- Estella is seen to progress from the influential desire of Miss Havisham to â€Å"break their hearts† to â€Å"understand what (Pip's) heart used to be†, and that Pip has progressed from knowing â€Å"I was ashamed of (Joe)† and being â€Å"disgusted with (his) calling and (his) life† to knowing that it is not a crime to say â€Å"I work hard for a sufficient living and therefore yes, I do well†. This opposition in partial knowledge leads to the ending being used as a sort of catharsis for Pip, as â€Å"the mists rise† once again they do so for him, in his own mind, positively, despite the ironic knowledge of the reader that this is in fact a naive trend- similar once again to Roy's use of ending in â€Å"The God of Small Things†. Therefore Dickens uses ending to consolidate theme, but also to include uncertainty that both remains consistent with and challenges previous narrative events, deepening the final meaning of the narrative. However, Dickens' ending and its use are questionable in a similar way to Roy's due to the presence of alternate perspective. However, unlike in Roy's ending it is not who the ending involves but its construction, as â€Å"Great Expectations† has its own, alternative ending. The original ending speaks of Estella and Pip merely â€Å"looking upon each other sadly†, as opposed to the imagery laden ending that was eventually published. In the original there is no â€Å"casting off of the wretched years† that Pip achieves in the published ending. This choice leads to a similar perspective to the one placed upon Roy's use of ending in choice- although Dickens' ending was a publisher's decision, why he chose to write the ending as he did is still questionable. The original ending is more in line with the tone of disappointment that pervades the novel's â€Å"universal struggle†, but the language of the published ending, the glorified â€Å"broad expanse of tranquil light† that can be seen to both illuminate Estella but also to shroud true realisation from Pip can also be seen to be appropriate, as it reflects the aforementioned ideas of consistent naivety, and also runs in line with the idea of all other redemption being latent and inherently unfulfilled- Miss Havisham and Magwitch as examples. Therefore, Dickens also uses ending to exemplify character, and tone individual to certain aspects of the narrative, in both a consistent and opposing manner. In conclusion, the three writers use endings in multi-faceted ways, across individual and contexts. Hardy uses ending as not just a method of defining validity of feeling and exclusivity of emotional experience, but also to discuss the concept of â€Å"the end†, and how a change of tone or style in his literary endings can reflect heavily on these wider interpretations. Roy also achieves this, but alongside Dickens also uses ending to both consolidate and challenge thematic and tonal issues, allowing them to both utilise ending to embellish their narratives further than would normally be possible, provoking intrigue over not just their own texts, but as with all three of the writers, intrigue over what the concept of the ending is really about.

Athena And Aphrodite Greek Mythology - 920 Words

Athena and Aphrodite, two of the most well-known goddess’ from Ancient Greek mythology. Athena is the goddess of war strategy and wisdom, she never married or had relationships. Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty, she had a lot of relationships and had several children. Besides both of them being extremely popular and worshiped goddess’ it seems like these two goddess’ have nothing else in common. However, Athena and Aphrodite have a lot of similarities between the two of them. Some similarities are their early lives, they constantly interfered with the lives of others, and the wraiths they took on those who disrespected them. Although they bear some minor differences, the similarities between Athena and Aphrodite are pronounced. Athena and Aphrodite have similar myths about their births. According to GreekMythology.com â€Å"Athena is the daughter of Zues; her birth is unique in that she did not have a mother. Instead, she sprang full grown and clad in armour from Zeus forehead.† Aphrodite’s birth was similar, according to Micha Lindemans of Pantheon.org â€Å"She was born when Uranus was castrated by his son Cronus. Cronus threw them into the ocean. From the sea foam arose Aphrodite, and the sea carried her to Cyprus.† Athena and Aphrodite both have strange and similar beginnings to their lives. Neither myth mentions them having a mother, Athena arose from Zeus’ split skull after he complained of headache and Aphrodite arose from the sea foam on a sea shell. AnotherShow MoreRelated Greek Goddesses Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pages The Greek Goddesses In Greek mythology the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus played a major role in everyday life. The Greeks respected them and thought of the gods as all mighty. In Ancient Greece the people honored and believe in the deities. Myths, poems, and epics tell the stories and beliefs referring to the gods and goddesses. 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